1. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1 [ ARC 1513 ] ASSIGNMEN T 1 : Experiencing Construction: Experiencing, Documentation and Analyzing the Construction Process CONSTRUCTION REPORT GROUP MEMBERS Surayyn Selvan 0309818 Sharifah Diyana 1006AH78373 Soh You Shing 0308010 Meera Nazreen 0309630 Sonia Manyie 0801A65704 Nurul Jannah 0310210 Kee Ting Ting 0310019 Gertrude Lee 0306265 Nasreen Hajibeigy 0310538 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION pg1 1.1 Introduction to the project (MN) 1.2 Introduction to the sites (MN) pg5 2.0 SITE SAFETY 2.1 Safety Precautions (KTT) 3.0 MACHINERIES AND EQUPIMENTS pg7 3.1 Types of machineries used (JJ) 3.2 Types of equipments used (JJ) pg12 4.0 SITE PREPARATION 4.1 Site Clearance & Establishment (GL) 4.2 Earthworks (GL) 5.0 EXTERNAL WORKS 5.1 Sewerage Works (SYS) 5.2 Drainage Systems (SYS) 5.3 Landscaping Works (SYS) 5.4 Fencing Works (SYS) pg14 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS pg19 6.0 TEMPORARY STRUCTURES 6.1 Temporary Supplies (SYS) 6.2 Hoardings (SYS) 7.0 FOUNDATION pg24 7.1 Foundation Types (GL) 7.2 Foundation Laying Process (GL) pg26 8.0 SUPERSTRUCTURES 8.1 Beams and Columns (SD) 8.2 Wall Slabs (SM) 8.3 Staircases (SM) 9.0 ROOF pg34 9.1 Roof Types (SS) pg37 10.0 SUMMARY (NH) 11.0 REFERENCE LIST pg40 4. 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT !This project requires us, in a group of 9, to select a minimum of one on-going construction site to survey. The site chosen should be a medium rise building with a maximum of 4-storeys level or a low rise building such as a bungalow house, etc. From the site, we are to identify various types of the building elements. Apart from that, we need to observe as well as to record the construction process, the details such as the specificatiosn of the materials used, including the dimensions, sizes and procedures in constructing the components. In addition to that, we need to analyse and explain on how the construction chosen affect its surroundings. Our group photo on-site, Fire Station in Jalan Tun Razak Our group photo on-site, Green Mosque in Cyberjaya 5. 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION We have decided to survey three sites for this project. This is to allow us to obtain more information on the processes that happen on the construction sites due to the variation of the types of elements, materials as well as the process in completing the building. 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE SITES 1.2.1 Balai Bomba dan Penyelamat, Jalan Tun Razak !! !This project was initiated by Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) in order to build a fire station in Jalan Tun Razak, opposite the Tokio Marine Tower. FNA Builders & Services Sdn Bhd were the contractors whom the project was tendered to. The site is located at Jalan Tun Razak with a size of 1500m₂ equivalent to about 0.6 acres. The building is an operational building built for firemen to be on a standby shift. The project started construction the 21st February 2012 and was supposed to be completed on the 20th August 2013. However due to several complications created by the Industrialized Building System, the project was given an extension of time (EoT) and is now targeted to be fully erected on the 28th December 2013. This particular project is over 35% upon its completion. Computer rendering of the completed site Industrial Building System (IBS) !Industrialised Building System, or IBS, is used in the construction industry where some or all components of a building are made in a factory and then assembled on site. In other words, it is a system where buildings are constructed by the using pre-fabricated components. the components are usually done by machines, formwork and other form of mechanical equipment that are not on the site. Constructions that use the IBS system are usually faced with site size and space constraints and therefore on site construction cannot be conducted as the use of large machineries aren’t allowed. There are several advantages of the IBS in the construction of buildings, such as the reduction of the total cost of the construction and the reduction of the amount of workers on site. This will also reduce the number of foreign workers emplyed on the site. Besides that, the construction period is reduced greatly due to the ease of erection. Finally, the waste management on site is greatly enhanced due to the minimal use of timber formworks. The prefabricated concrete structures of the building Thus, producing a cleaner construction site. Finally, noise is greatly reduced due to the lack of heavy machineries. ! 6. 3 1.0 INTRODUCTION We have decided to survey three sites for this project. This is to allow us to obtain more information on the processes that happen on the construction sites due to the variation of the types of elements, materials as well as the process in completing the building. 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE SITES 1.2.2 Cyberjaya Green Mosque, Persiaran Semarak Api ! !The building of constructing an eco-friendly green mosque is a project that is under the supervision of a firm called ATSA Architects. It intends to achieve a Platinum GBI rating for this project. The mosque is an extension of a bigger project which is the new University Islam Antarabangsa campus. The 70819.98m2 site is situated in Persiaran Semarak Api with a size of which is equivalent to 17.5 acres. The mosque is supposedly to be able to support a total capacity of 8300 people at a time. Some other facilities that are included in the mosque that will be build are the parking facilities, a staff quarters which takes up 340m2 of the whole site, a multipurpose hall with a proposed size of 2376m2 and more. The project is targeting to finish up the whole construction work in approximately 40 months with its construction beginning in March 2013. As for now, the project is only in its piling Computer rendering of the completed site and foundation stages. The construction zoning and the mosque zone The construction site in it’s foundation stages 7. 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION We have decided to survey three sites for this project. This is to allow us to obtain more information on the processes that happen on the construction sites due to the variation of the types of elements, materials as well as the process in completing the building. 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE SITES 1.2.3 – Terrace Houses, Pandamaran KS5, Klang ! This project is proposed to construct a residential area made up of double-storeys semi-detached terrace houses. The site chosen for this project is about 220000m2(22 hectares). There will be a total of 254 units that will make up 22 Blocks. The project started early October 2012 and is expected to be completed by February 2014. Depending on the location units, they are in different stages of the construction sequence. Some units are in it’s finishing stages, others were still yet to have their roofing constructed and some are still yet to have the masonry constructed. The plastered units of the semi-detached terrace houses ! The different stages of the units of the terrace houses The signage outside the site 8. 5 2.0 SITE SAFETY We are advised to put on safety ware before entering any construction site as it can be dangerous during the progression of the construction work. There are several ways and methods that should be taken in order to ensure the safety of the construction workers as well as the site itself. However, it can be seen that some of the sites, have not taken full precautions. 2.1 SITE SAFETY FIRE EXTINGUISHER ABC is the most used and most popular multipurpose powder fire extinguisher for construction site. can be used on class A (burning solids), B (liquid fires) & C ( Gases fires) POWER BOX CORRECTION: electrical area should be covered up with the electrical box to prevent electricity from losing when it comes to raining. CORRECTION: Portable fire extinguishers shall be mounted on a wall or post at each usable stairway and such that the travel distance to any extinguisher does not exceed 75 feet. Mounting height to the top of the extinguisher shall not exceed 5 feet. The general contractor shall ensure that an enough number of individuals are trained in the proper use of portable fire extinguishers. EASY STAIRS SAFETY SIGNS Easy Stair are temporary stairs for construction which makes life much easier on construction sites - allowing the free passage of men, materials and tools to upper floors without the danger of climbing ladders. The safety sign is to keep all the employees safety and aware of the safety rules with custom safety sign. CORRECTION: the distorted tread should be fixed. the hook have to be fixed in one position as it may bouncing up and down when stepping on it. the railing should be attached together as well. 9. 6 2.0 SITE SAFETY 2.1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS General construction site signs The board that pinned up with the rules and regulations for the employees to follow. Safety Helmet Economic Safety Vest Safety helmet is to protect users' head from falling objects. 3-Series Lace Up Safety Boots Safety boots is to protect the feet from sharp and dangerous objects. 10. 7 3.0 MACHINERIES & EQUIPMENTS The use of heavy equipment in the construction industry – heavy machines like backhoe, crane and bulldozer – have been increasing due to high demand fueled by the need to accommodate growth for new constructions, refurbish old projects and buildings, and increased mining activity to extract raw materials. A major task in any construction operation is the handling of supplies and excavating done by suitable equipment. 3.1 TYPES OF MACHINERIES USED BACKHOE LOADER A backhoe is a mechanical excavator, with the combined features of a shovel and a dragline. Primarily used to excavate materials below its track level like small and large pits, basement, trenches and survey for underground hazards. Its commonly used in urban construction projects, due to its relatively small size and versatility. It has the combined features of a shovel and a dragline. Backhoes are fitted with a dipper in front and a small backhoe in the back. Instead of digging away from the machine like a shovel, it digs towards the machine. Cab Backhoe Bucket BACKHOE EXCAVATOR The excavator is equipped with an excavating bucket that moves in a downward and inward direction. It is crawler mounted and is best suited for excavating below track level such as excavation for trenches and basements. All movements and functions of the excavator are accomplished through the use of hydraulic fluid. It is versatile in the mining, forestry, construction and pipeline industries. Cab Track based crawler 11. 8 3.0 MACHINERIES & EQUIPMENTS The use of heavy equipment in the construction industry – heavy machines like backhoe, crane and bulldozer – have been increasing due to high demand fueled by the need to accommodate growth for new constructions, refurbish old projects and buildings, and increased mining activity to extract raw materials. A major task in any construction operation is the handling of supplies and excavating done by suitable equipment. 3.1 TYPES OF MACHINERIES USED COMPACTOR (VIBRATORY ROLLER) – SMOOTH DRUM Vibratory compactor consists of a smooth drum vibratory rollers and tamping foot vibratory rollers, widely used for compacting non-cohesive soils. They are used to increase the density of coarse-grained soils. The vibration improves the compaction of soil and save time when compared with the static weight method of compaction. Smooth Drum BULLDOZER (TRACK) The bulldozer is a versatile machine. It can be used for moving earth up to 100m, stripping top unwanted soil, clearing and grubbing sites, excavating to a shallow depth, pushing scrapers, spreading soil for leveling areas, ripping bare soft rock and maintaining roads. Normally track wheeled, dozers excavate and push earth with the help of a stiff welded steel blade fitted in front. Backhoe attachments can also be fitted for ripping hard soil and rock, and a winch for uprooting trees, skidding boulders and heavy materials. Cab Cutting Edge 12. 9 3.0 MACHINERIES & EQUIPMENTS The use of heavy equipment in the construction industry – heavy machines like backhoe, crane and bulldozer – have been increasing due to high demand fueled by the need to accommodate growth for new constructions, refurbish old projects and buildings, and increased mining activity to extract raw materials. A major task in any construction operation is the handling of supplies and excavating done by suitable equipment. 3.1 TYPES OF MACHINERIES USED PILE DRIVER (CRANE MOUNTED FRAME – DROP HAMMER) A piling driver is used to drive piles into the ground. The frame is mounted on a crane base for more flexible mobility and it holds the pile vertical during driving and guides the hammer to fall vertically onto the pile head. It uses a large drop hammer that is lifted and dropped under gravitational force onto the pile head to drive the piles into the ground, down to the specific depth set by the engineer. MOBILE CRANE (TRUCK MOUNTED) Truck mounted mobile cranes are specially designed heavy-duty motor trucks to easily transport to a site and use with different types of load and cargo with little to no setup or assembly. They are used to lift medium to heavy loads over high and wide reaches (i.e. placing precast concrete slabs in medium rise buildings). Truck mountings restrict the efficient use of these cranes to firm, level terrain. This type of mounting provides a less stable base, higher ground bearing pressures and poorer on-the-job mobility than the crawler mounting but has excellent inter-job mobility. Hoist Hook Block 13. 3.0 MACHINERIES & EQUIPMENTS The use of heavy equipment in the construction industry – heavy machines like backhoe, crane and bulldozer – have been increasing due to high demand fueled by the need to accommodate growth for new constructions, refurbish old projects and buildings, and increased mining activity to extract raw materials. A major task in any construction operation is the handling of supplies and excavating done by suitable equipment. 3.2 TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS USED HOIST (DEVICE) Hoists are similar to cranes except that they are compact and portable. They are used to transport loose materials vertically in small loads. CONCRETE DRUM MIXER Concrete mixer is a machine that combines cement, aggregate and water to form concrete. Operated either electrically or mechanically, it is an alternative for mixing concrete by hand. Concrete discharge by mixer must be used within 30 minutes before it starts to harden. 10̫̳̞̮̰̼̪̣̥̘̺̞͕̼͙̞͚̣͇̠͈̺͉͛͜

<̑1.1. BUILDING CONSTRUCTION 1 [ ARC 1513 ] ASSIGNMEN T 1 : Experiencing Construction: Experiencing, Documentation and Analyzing the Construction Process CONSTRUCTION REPORT GROUP MEMBERS Surayyn Selvan 0309818 Sharifah Diyana 1006AH78373 Soh You Shing 0308010 Meera Nazreen 0309630 Sonia Manyie 0801A65704 Nurul Jannah 0310210 Kee Ting Ting 0310019 Gertrude Lee 0306265 Nasreen Hajibeigy 0310538 2. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION pg1 1.1 Introduction to the project (MN) 1.2 Introduction to the sites (MN) pg5 2.0 SITE SAFETY 2.1 Safety Precautions (KTT) 3.0 MACHINERIES AND EQUPIMENTS pg7 3.1 Types of machineries used (JJ) 3.2 Types of equipments used (JJ) pg12 4.0 SITE PREPARATION 4.1 Site Clearance & Establishment (GL) 4.2 Earthworks (GL) 5.0 EXTERNAL WORKS 5.1 Sewerage Works (SYS) 5.2 Drainage Systems (SYS) 5.3 Landscaping Works (SYS) 5.4 Fencing Works (SYS) pg14 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS pg19 6.0 TEMPORARY STRUCTURES 6.1 Temporary Supplies (SYS) 6.2 Hoardings (SYS) 7.0 FOUNDATION pg24 7.1 Foundation Types (GL) 7.2 Foundation Laying Process (GL) pg26 8.0 SUPERSTRUCTURES 8.1 Beams and Columns (SD) 8.2 Wall Slabs (SM) 8.3 Staircases (SM) 9.0 ROOF pg34 9.1 Roof Types (SS) pg37 10.0 SUMMARY (NH) 11.0 REFERENCE LIST pg40 4. 1 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT !This project requires us, in a group of 9, to select a minimum of one on-going construction site to survey. The site chosen should be a medium rise building with a maximum of 4-storeys level or a low rise building such as a bungalow house, etc. From the site, we are to identify various types of the building elements. Apart from that, we need to observe as well as to record the construction process, the details such as the specificatiosn of the materials used, including the dimensions, sizes and procedures in constructing the components. In addition to that, we need to analyse and explain on how the construction chosen affect its surroundings. Our group photo on-site, Fire Station in Jalan Tun Razak Our group photo on-site, Green Mosque in Cyberjaya 5. 2 1.0 INTRODUCTION We have decided to survey three sites for this project. This is to allow us to obtain more information on the processes that happen on the construction sites due to the variation of the types of elements, materials as well as the process in completing the building. 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE SITES 1.2.1 Balai Bomba dan Penyelamat, Jalan Tun Razak !! !This project was initiated by Jabatan Kerja Raya (JKR) in order to build a fire station in Jalan Tun Razak, opposite the Tokio Marine Tower. FNA Builders & Services Sdn Bhd were the contractors whom the project was tendered to. The site is located at Jalan Tun Razak with a size of 1500m₂ equivalent to about 0.6 acres. The building is an operational building built for firemen to be on a standby shift. The project started construction the 21st February 2012 and was supposed to be completed on the 20th August 2013. However due to several complications created by the Industrialized Building System, the project was given an extension of time (EoT) and is now targeted to be fully erected on the 28th December 2013. This particular project is over 35% upon its completion. Computer rendering of the completed site Industrial Building System (IBS) !Industrialised Building System, or IBS, is used in the construction industry where some or all components of a building are made in a factory and then assembled on site. In other words, it is a system where buildings are constructed by the using pre-fabricated components. the components are usually done by machines, formwork and other form of mechanical equipment that are not on the site. Constructions that use the IBS system are usually faced with site size and space constraints and therefore on site construction cannot be conducted as the use of large machineries aren’t allowed. There are several advantages of the IBS in the construction of buildings, such as the reduction of the total cost of the construction and the reduction of the amount of workers on site. This will also reduce the number of foreign workers emplyed on the site. Besides that, the construction period is reduced greatly due to the ease of erection. Finally, the waste management on site is greatly enhanced due to the minimal use of timber formworks. The prefabricated concrete structures of the building Thus, producing a cleaner construction site. Finally, noise is greatly reduced due to the lack of heavy machineries. ! 6. 3 1.0 INTRODUCTION We have decided to survey three sites for this project. This is to allow us to obtain more information on the processes that happen on the construction sites due to the variation of the types of elements, materials as well as the process in completing the building. 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE SITES 1.2.2 Cyberjaya Green Mosque, Persiaran Semarak Api ! !The building of constructing an eco-friendly green mosque is a project that is under the supervision of a firm called ATSA Architects. It intends to achieve a Platinum GBI rating for this project. The mosque is an extension of a bigger project which is the new University Islam Antarabangsa campus. The 70819.98m2 site is situated in Persiaran Semarak Api with a size of which is equivalent to 17.5 acres. The mosque is supposedly to be able to support a total capacity of 8300 people at a time. Some other facilities that are included in the mosque that will be build are the parking facilities, a staff quarters which takes up 340m2 of the whole site, a multipurpose hall with a proposed size of 2376m2 and more. The project is targeting to finish up the whole construction work in approximately 40 months with its construction beginning in March 2013. As for now, the project is only in its piling Computer rendering of the completed site and foundation stages. The construction zoning and the mosque zone The construction site in it’s foundation stages 7. 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION We have decided to survey three sites for this project. This is to allow us to obtain more information on the processes that happen on the construction sites due to the variation of the types of elements, materials as well as the process in completing the building. 1.2 INTRODUCTION TO THE SITES 1.2.3 – Terrace Houses, Pandamaran KS5, Klang ! This project is proposed to construct a residential area made up of double-storeys semi-detached terrace houses. The site chosen for this project is about 220000m2(22 hectares). There will be a total of 254 units that will make up 22 Blocks. The project started early October 2012 and is expected to be completed by February 2014. Depending on the location units, they are in different stages of the construction sequence. Some units are in it’s finishing stages, others were still yet to have their roofing constructed and some are still yet to have the masonry constructed. The plastered units of the semi-detached terrace houses ! The different stages of the units of the terrace houses The signage outside the site 8. 5 2.0 SITE SAFETY We are advised to put on safety ware before entering any construction site as it can be dangerous during the progression of the construction work. There are several ways and methods that should be taken in order to ensure the safety of the construction workers as well as the site itself. However, it can be seen that some of the sites, have not taken full precautions. 2.1 SITE SAFETY FIRE EXTINGUISHER ABC is the most used and most popular multipurpose powder fire extinguisher for construction site. can be used on class A (burning solids), B (liquid fires) & C ( Gases fires) POWER BOX CORRECTION: electrical area should be covered up with the electrical box to prevent electricity from losing when it comes to raining. CORRECTION: Portable fire extinguishers shall be mounted on a wall or post at each usable stairway and such that the travel distance to any extinguisher does not exceed 75 feet. Mounting height to the top of the extinguisher shall not exceed 5 feet. The general contractor shall ensure that an enough number of individuals are trained in the proper use of portable fire extinguishers. EASY STAIRS SAFETY SIGNS Easy Stair are temporary stairs for construction which makes life much easier on construction sites - allowing the free passage of men, materials and tools to upper floors without the danger of climbing ladders. The safety sign is to keep all the employees safety and aware of the safety rules with custom safety sign. CORRECTION: the distorted tread should be fixed. the hook have to be fixed in one position as it may bouncing up and down when stepping on it. the railing should be attached together as well. 9. 6 2.0 SITE SAFETY 2.1 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS General construction site signs The board that pinned up with the rules and regulations for the employees to follow. Safety Helmet Economic Safety Vest Safety helmet is to protect users' head from falling objects. 3-Series Lace Up Safety Boots Safety boots is to protect the feet from sharp and dangerous objects. 10. 7 3.0 MACHINERIES & EQUIPMENTS The use of heavy equipment in the construction industry – heavy machines like backhoe, crane and bulldozer – have been increasing due to high demand fueled by the need to accommodate growth for new constructions, refurbish old projects and buildings, and increased mining activity to extract raw materials. A major task in any construction operation is the handling of supplies and excavating done by suitable equipment. 3.1 TYPES OF MACHINERIES USED BACKHOE LOADER A backhoe is a mechanical excavator, with the combined features of a shovel and a dragline. Primarily used to excavate materials below its track level like small and large pits, basement, trenches and survey for underground hazards. Its commonly used in urban construction projects, due to its relatively small size and versatility. It has the combined features of a shovel and a dragline. Backhoes are fitted with a dipper in front and a small backhoe in the back. Instead of digging away from the machine like a shovel, it digs towards the machine. Cab Backhoe Bucket BACKHOE EXCAVATOR The excavator is equipped with an excavating bucket that moves in a downward and inward direction. It is crawler mounted and is best suited for excavating below track level such as excavation for trenches and basements. All movements and functions of the excavator are accomplished through the use of hydraulic fluid. It is versatile in the mining, forestry, construction and pipeline industries. Cab Track based crawler 11. 8 3.0 MACHINERIES & EQUIPMENTS The use of heavy equipment in the construction industry – heavy machines like backhoe, crane and bulldozer – have been increasing due to high demand fueled by the need to accommodate growth for new constructions, refurbish old projects and buildings, and increased mining activity to extract raw materials. A major task in any construction operation is the handling of supplies and excavating done by suitable equipment. 3.1 TYPES OF MACHINERIES USED COMPACTOR (VIBRATORY ROLLER) – SMOOTH DRUM Vibratory compactor consists of a smooth drum vibratory rollers and tamping foot vibratory rollers, widely used for compacting non-cohesive soils. They are used to increase the density of coarse-grained soils. The vibration improves the compaction of soil and save time when compared with the static weight method of compaction. Smooth Drum BULLDOZER (TRACK) The bulldozer is a versatile machine. It can be used for moving earth up to 100m, stripping top unwanted soil, clearing and grubbing sites, excavating to a shallow depth, pushing scrapers, spreading soil for leveling areas, ripping bare soft rock and maintaining roads. Normally track wheeled, dozers excavate and push earth with the help of a stiff welded steel blade fitted in front. Backhoe attachments can also be fitted for ripping hard soil and rock, and a winch for uprooting trees, skidding boulders and heavy materials. Cab Cutting Edge 12. 9 3.0 MACHINERIES & EQUIPMENTS The use of heavy equipment in the construction industry – heavy machines like backhoe, crane and bulldozer – have been increasing due to high demand fueled by the need to accommodate growth for new constructions, refurbish old projects and buildings, and increased mining activity to extract raw materials. A major task in any construction operation is the handling of supplies and excavating done by suitable equipment. 3.1 TYPES OF MACHINERIES USED PILE DRIVER (CRANE MOUNTED FRAME – DROP HAMMER) A piling driver is used to drive piles into the ground. The frame is mounted on a crane base for more flexible mobility and it holds the pile vertical during driving and guides the hammer to fall vertically onto the pile head. It uses a large drop hammer that is lifted and dropped under gravitational force onto the pile head to drive the piles into the ground, down to the specific depth set by the engineer. MOBILE CRANE (TRUCK MOUNTED) Truck mounted mobile cranes are specially designed heavy-duty motor trucks to easily transport to a site and use with different types of load and cargo with little to no setup or assembly. They are used to lift medium to heavy loads over high and wide reaches (i.e. placing precast concrete slabs in medium rise buildings). Truck mountings restrict the efficient use of these cranes to firm, level terrain. This type of mounting provides a less stable base, higher ground bearing pressures and poorer on-the-job mobility than the crawler mounting but has excellent inter-job mobility. Hoist Hook Block 13. 3.0 MACHINERIES & EQUIPMENTS The use of heavy equipment in the construction industry – heavy machines like backhoe, crane and bulldozer – have been increasing due to high demand fueled by the need to accommodate growth for new constructions, refurbish old projects and buildings, and increased mining activity to extract raw materials. A major task in any construction operation is the handling of supplies and excavating done by suitable equipment. 3.2 TYPES OF EQUIPMENTS USED HOIST (DEVICE) Hoists are similar to cranes except that they are compact and portable. They are used to transport loose materials vertically in small loads. CONCRETE DRUM MIXER Concrete mixer is a machine that combines cement, aggregate and water to form concrete. Operated either electrically or mechanically, it is an alternative for mixing concrete by hand. Concrete discharge by mixer must be used within 30 minutes before it starts to harden. 10̲̳̺͉